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Brute fact
In contemporary philosophy, a brute fact is something that cannot be explained.〔John Hospers, ''An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis'' (1997) p. 211〕 To reject the existence of brute facts is to think that everything can be explained. ("Everything can be explained" is sometimes called the principle of sufficient reason). There are two ways to explain something: say what brought it about, or describe it at a more "fundamental" level. For example, that there's a cat displayed on my computer screen can be explained, more "fundamentally", as there being certain voltages in bits of metal in my screen, which in turn can be explained, more "fundamentally", as that there are certain subatomic particles moving in a certain way. If we keep explaining the world in this way and reach a point at which no more "deeper" explanations can be given, then we have found some facts which are brute or inexplicable, in the sense that we cannot give them an ''ontological explanation''. As it might be put, there exists some things that just ''are''. The same thing can be done with ''causal explanations''. If nothing made the big bang expand at the velocity it did, then this is a brute fact in the sense that it lacks a causal explanation.
==Brute/scientific fact==
Henri Poincaré distinguished between brute facts and their scientific descriptions, pointing to how the conventional nature of the latter always remained constrained by the brute fact in question.〔Gary Gutting, ''French Philosophy in the Twentieth Century'' (2001) p. 32〕
Pierre Duhem argued that just as there may be several scientific descriptions of the same brute fact, so too there may be many brute facts with the same scientific description.〔Gutting, p. 34〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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